Re-infection of the mosquito - Revision history

Admin at 09:26, 20 March 2025

2025-03-20T09:26:34Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:26, 20 March 2025
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	<span style="font-size:160%; color:navy"Re-infection of the host</br></span>		<span style="font-size:160%; color:navy">Re-infection of the host</br></span>
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Admin at 09:26, 20 March 2025

2025-03-20T09:26:21Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:26, 20 March 2025
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	<span style="font-size:160%; color:navy"~~>The initial~~ infection of the host</br></span>		<span style="font-size:160%; color:navy"Re-infection of the host</br></span>
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Admin at 09:25, 20 March 2025

2025-03-20T09:25:41Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:25, 20 March 2025
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	</br></br>		</br></br>
	<span style="font-size:90%">'''NOTE''' These changes are only observed if blood film preparation is delayed - these are instructive for the changes that occur within the mosquito, but may occasionally these may be encountered in laboratory practice and can cause confusion.</br></br>To an extent these changes resemble those that take place within the mosquito midgut. The initial stage involves both the male microgametocytes and female macrogametocytes swelling and becoming more globular. The stage shown in (A) may represent an oocyte although it is not certain (these often clump together). The following stages are quite recognisable for the male gametocte as the male gametes burst from the erythrocytes in the process of exflagellation this may be seen as the early emergence (B), red cell swelling and disollution (C) and emergence of the gametes (D).</span>		<span style="font-size:90%">'''NOTE''' These changes are only observed if blood film preparation is delayed - these are instructive for the changes that occur within the mosquito, but may occasionally these may be encountered in laboratory practice and can cause confusion.</br></br>To an extent these changes resemble those that take place within the mosquito midgut. The initial stage involves both the male microgametocytes and female macrogametocytes swelling and becoming more globular. The stage shown in (A) may represent an oocyte although it is not certain (these often clump together). The following stages are quite recognisable for the male gametocte as the male gametes burst from the erythrocytes in the process of exflagellation this may be seen as the early emergence (B), red cell swelling and disollution (C) and emergence of the gametes (D).</span>
			</br></br>
	<gallery mode="nolines" widths=180px heights=180px>		<gallery mode="nolines" widths=180px heights=180px>
	File:ExFl1.jpg\|<span style="font-size:80%">''A''</span>\|link={{filepath:ExFl1.jpg}}		File:ExFl1.jpg\|<span style="font-size:80%">''A''</span>\|link={{filepath:ExFl1.jpg}}

Admin at 09:24, 20 March 2025

2025-03-20T09:24:52Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:24, 20 March 2025
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	<span style="font-size:90%">If samples of blood undergo delayed spreading then the changes to pH and temperature caused by storage may partly mimic the conditions within the mosquito midgut leading to changes that would only normally be seen in the mosquito. Some may be difficult to recognise but are clearly atypical in appearance, others such as "exflagellation" have very clear appearances. It is important to be able to recognise these forms as they can cause confusion and mis-diagnosis.</span>		<span style="font-size:90%">If samples of blood undergo delayed spreading then the changes to pH and temperature caused by storage may partly mimic the conditions within the mosquito midgut leading to changes that would only normally be seen in the mosquito. Some may be difficult to recognise but are clearly atypical in appearance, others such as "exflagellation" have very clear appearances. It is important to be able to recognise these forms as they can cause confusion and mis-diagnosis.</span>
			</br></br>
	<span style="font-size:90%">'''NOTE''' These changes are only observed if blood film preparation is delayed - these are instructive for the changes that occur within the mosquito, but may occasionally these may be encountered in laboratory practice and can cause confusion.</br></br>To an extent these changes resemble those that take place within the mosquito midgut. The initial stage involves both the male microgametocytes and female macrogametocytes swelling and becoming more globular. The stage shown in (A) may represent an oocyte although it is not certain (these often clump together). The following stages are quite recognisable for the male gametocte as the male gametes burst from the erythrocytes in the process of exflagellation this may be seen as the early emergence (B), red cell swelling and disollution (C) and emergence of the gametes (D).</span>		<span style="font-size:90%">'''NOTE''' These changes are only observed if blood film preparation is delayed - these are instructive for the changes that occur within the mosquito, but may occasionally these may be encountered in laboratory practice and can cause confusion.</br></br>To an extent these changes resemble those that take place within the mosquito midgut. The initial stage involves both the male microgametocytes and female macrogametocytes swelling and becoming more globular. The stage shown in (A) may represent an oocyte although it is not certain (these often clump together). The following stages are quite recognisable for the male gametocte as the male gametes burst from the erythrocytes in the process of exflagellation this may be seen as the early emergence (B), red cell swelling and disollution (C) and emergence of the gametes (D).</span>

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	File:ExFl4.jpg\|<span style="font-size:80%">''D''</span>\|link={{filepath:ExFl4.jpg}}		File:ExFl4.jpg\|<span style="font-size:80%">''D''</span>\|link={{filepath:ExFl4.jpg}}
	</gallery>		</gallery>
			</br></br>

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Admin at 09:23, 20 March 2025

2025-03-20T09:23:57Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:23, 20 March 2025
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	<span style="font-size:90%">When a mosquito feeds from a malaria infected host, the blood meal will contain parasites of all forms. Importantly these forms include male and female gametocytes. The pH and temperature changes with the mosquito midgut cause the gametocytes to gain full sexual maturity (gametogenesis). The male gametocyte then undergoes 3 cycles of division to generate 8 male sexual forms (gametes). These then 8 gametes then "break out" of the male microgametocytes in a process known as exflagellation, and fuse with the female oocyte (derived from the macrogametocyte). Then following successful fusion move to the next stage of development with the mosquito gut wall. Finally the parasite enter the salivary glands of the mosquito as sporozoites where a new infection can be initiated.</span>		<span style="font-size:90%">When a mosquito feeds from a malaria infected host, the blood meal will contain parasites of all forms. Importantly these forms include male and female gametocytes. The pH and temperature changes with the mosquito midgut cause the gametocytes to gain full sexual maturity (gametogenesis). The male gametocyte then undergoes 3 cycles of division to generate 8 male sexual forms (gametes). These then 8 gametes then "break out" of the male microgametocytes in a process known as exflagellation, and fuse with the female oocyte (derived from the macrogametocyte). Then following successful fusion move to the next stage of development with the mosquito gut wall. Finally the parasite enter the salivary glands of the mosquito as sporozoites where a new infection can be initiated.</span>
			</br></br>
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Admin at 18:35, 30 November 2024

2024-11-30T18:35:35Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:35, 30 November 2024
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	<span style="font-size:90%">If samples of blood undergo delayed spreading then the changes to pH and temperature caused by storage may partly mimic the conditions within the mosquito midgut leading to changes that would only normally be seen in the mosquito. Some may be difficult to recognise but are clearly atypical in appearance, others such as "exflagellation" have very clear appearances. It is important to be able to recognise these forms as they can cause confusion and mis-diagnosis.</span>		<span style="font-size:90%">If samples of blood undergo delayed spreading then the changes to pH and temperature caused by storage may partly mimic the conditions within the mosquito midgut leading to changes that would only normally be seen in the mosquito. Some may be difficult to recognise but are clearly atypical in appearance, others such as "exflagellation" have very clear appearances. It is important to be able to recognise these forms as they can cause confusion and mis-diagnosis.</span>

			<span style="font-size:90%">'''NOTE''' These changes are only observed if blood film preparation is delayed - these are instructive for the changes that occur within the mosquito, but may occasionally these may be encountered in laboratory practice and can cause confusion.</br></br>To an extent these changes resemble those that take place within the mosquito midgut. The initial stage involves both the male microgametocytes and female macrogametocytes swelling and becoming more globular. The stage shown in (A) may represent an oocyte although it is not certain (these often clump together). The following stages are quite recognisable for the male gametocte as the male gametes burst from the erythrocytes in the process of exflagellation this may be seen as the early emergence (B), red cell swelling and disollution (C) and emergence of the gametes (D).</span>

			<gallery mode="nolines" widths=180px heights=180px>
	<gallery mode="nolines" widths=~~240px~~ heights=~~240px~~>		File:ExFl1.jpg\|<span style="font-size:80%">''A''</span>\|link={{filepath:ExFl1.jpg}}
	File:ExFl4.jpg\|<span style="font-size:80%"></span>\|link={{filepath:ExFl4.jpg}}		File:ExFl2.jpg\|<span style="font-size:80%">''B''</span>\|link={{filepath:ExFl2.jpg}}
			File:ExFl3.jpg\|<span style="font-size:80%">''C''</span>\|link={{filepath:ExFl3.jpg}}
			File:ExFl4.jpg\|<span style="font-size:80%">''D''</span>\|link={{filepath:ExFl4.jpg}}
	</gallery>		</gallery>
	~~<span style="font-size:90%">''The gametes of ''P.falciparum'' are seen in the process of exflagellation from the male gametocyte in a sample that has undergone delayed processing''</span>~~


	~~<span style="font-size:200%">→</span>[[Images of gametocyte development in stored blood\|Click for additional clinical images]]~~


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Admin at 13:44, 20 November 2024

2024-11-20T13:44:23Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:44, 20 November 2024
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	</gallery>		</gallery>

	When a mosquito feeds from a malaria infected host, the blood meal will contain parasites of all forms. Importantly these forms include male and female gametocytes. The pH and temperature changes with the mosquito midgut cause the gametocytes to gain full sexual maturity (gametogenesis). The male gametocyte then undergoes 3 cycles of division to generate 8 male sexual forms (gametes). These then 8 gametes then "break out" of the male microgametocytes in a process known as exflagellation, and fuse with the female oocyte (derived from the macrogametocyte). Then following successful fusion move to the next stage of development with the mosquito gut wall. Finally the parasite enter the salivary glands of the mosquito as sporozoites where a new infection can be initiated.		<span style="font-size:90%">When a mosquito feeds from a malaria infected host, the blood meal will contain parasites of all forms. Importantly these forms include male and female gametocytes. The pH and temperature changes with the mosquito midgut cause the gametocytes to gain full sexual maturity (gametogenesis). The male gametocyte then undergoes 3 cycles of division to generate 8 male sexual forms (gametes). These then 8 gametes then "break out" of the male microgametocytes in a process known as exflagellation, and fuse with the female oocyte (derived from the macrogametocyte). Then following successful fusion move to the next stage of development with the mosquito gut wall. Finally the parasite enter the salivary glands of the mosquito as sporozoites where a new infection can be initiated.</span>

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	\|}		\|}

	If samples of blood undergo delayed spreading then the changes to pH and temperature caused by storage may partly mimic the conditions within the mosquito midgut leading to changes that would only normally be seen in the mosquito. Some may be difficult to recognise but are clearly atypical in appearance, others such as "exflagellation" have very clear appearances. It is important to be able to recognise these forms as they can cause confusion and mis-diagnosis.		<span style="font-size:90%">If samples of blood undergo delayed spreading then the changes to pH and temperature caused by storage may partly mimic the conditions within the mosquito midgut leading to changes that would only normally be seen in the mosquito. Some may be difficult to recognise but are clearly atypical in appearance, others such as "exflagellation" have very clear appearances. It is important to be able to recognise these forms as they can cause confusion and mis-diagnosis.</span>

Admin: Created page with "{{DISPLAYTITLE:{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} ---- '''Navigation'''
>Main Malaria Index''
>>Malaria Biology Index''
>>>Current page: '''Sexual replication''' ---- The initial infecti..."

2024-11-19T10:34:09Z

Created page with "{{DISPLAYTITLE:{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} ---- '''Navigation''' >Main Malaria Index'' >>Malaria Biology Index'' >>>Current page: '''Sexual replication''' ---- The initial infecti..."

New page

{{DISPLAYTITLE:{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}
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'''Navigation'''
>[[MalariaETC_Index|Main Malaria Index]]''
>>[[Malaria_Biology|Malaria Biology Index]]''
>>>Current page: '''Sexual replication'''

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The initial infection of the host
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{| class="wikitable" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 4px; border-color:light gray"
|colspan="1" style = "font-size:100%; color:black; background: white"|

<gallery mode="nolines" widths=300px heights=300px>
File:Mosquito uptake.jpg|''Development within the the mosquito''|link={{filepath:Mosquito uptake.jpg}}
</gallery>

When a mosquito feeds from a malaria infected host, the blood meal will contain parasites of all forms. Importantly these forms include male and female gametocytes. The pH and temperature changes with the mosquito midgut cause the gametocytes to gain full sexual maturity (gametogenesis). The male gametocyte then undergoes 3 cycles of division to generate 8 male sexual forms (gametes). These then 8 gametes then "break out" of the male microgametocytes in a process known as exflagellation, and fuse with the female oocyte (derived from the macrogametocyte). Then following successful fusion move to the next stage of development with the mosquito gut wall. Finally the parasite enter the salivary glands of the mosquito as sporozoites where a new infection can be initiated.

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{| class="wikitable" style="border-style: none; border-width: 2px; border-color: gainsboro; color:black"
|colspan="1" style = "font-size:100%; color:black; background: gainsboro |'''Relevance to blood'''
|}

If samples of blood undergo delayed spreading then the changes to pH and temperature caused by storage may partly mimic the conditions within the mosquito midgut leading to changes that would only normally be seen in the mosquito. Some may be difficult to recognise but are clearly atypical in appearance, others such as "exflagellation" have very clear appearances. It is important to be able to recognise these forms as they can cause confusion and mis-diagnosis.

<gallery mode="nolines" widths=240px heights=240px>
File:ExFl4.jpg||link={{filepath:ExFl4.jpg}}
</gallery>
''The gametes of ''P.falciparum'' are seen in the process of exflagellation from the male gametocyte in a sample that has undergone delayed processing''

→[[Images of gametocyte development in stored blood|Click for additional clinical images]]

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Re-infection of the mosquito - Revision history

Admin at 09:26, 20 March 2025

Admin at 09:26, 20 March 2025

Admin at 09:25, 20 March 2025

Admin at 09:24, 20 March 2025

Admin at 09:23, 20 March 2025

Admin at 18:35, 30 November 2024

Admin at 13:44, 20 November 2024

Admin: Created page with "{{DISPLAYTITLE:{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} ---- '''Navigation''' >Main Malaria Index'' >>Malaria Biology Index'' >>>Current page: '''Sexual replication''' ---- The initial infecti..."

Admin: Created page with "{{DISPLAYTITLE:{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} ---- '''Navigation'''
>Main Malaria Index''
>>Malaria Biology Index''
>>>Current page: '''Sexual replication''' ---- The initial infecti..."